A memory leak is a computer programming error often experienced when running an application or software program. This error occurs when the system fails to manage memory as it should, resulting in memory being allocated but never released, leading to a progressive increase in memory consumption and eventually, system failure.

A memory leak occurs when an application requests more memory than it needs and fails to release it when no longer needed. Over time, the application may consume an increasingly large amount of memory, leading to reduced system performance or even system crash.

Memory leaks are often the result of poorly written code that fails to include proper memory management techniques, such as garbage collection and memory allocation. Developers may overlook these techniques due to their complexity or lack of understanding of how memory works.

Memory leaks can also occur due to the use of outdated programming languages or systems that lack the necessary tools for proper memory management. In addition, faulty hardware such as defective RAM or hard drives can cause memory leaks.

There are several steps that programmers can take to prevent memory leaks. These include implementing proper garbage collection and memory allocation techniques, including memory debugging tools in the development process, and staying up-to-date with the latest developments in programming languages and systems.

Memory leaks can be a frustrating and time-consuming issue for both developers and end-users. However, with proper management techniques and diligence, they can be prevented and avoided altogether.